Dallas, US – Colossal Biosciences has announced a significant milestone in genetic engineering: the successful de-extinction of the dire wolf, a species that disappeared over 12,500 years ago. The birth of three dire wolf pups—Romulus, Remus, and Khaleesi—demonstrates the company’s progress in species revival technologies. ​

Innovative genetic techniques employed

The company’s scientists utilised advanced methods, including deep ancient DNA sequencing, polyphyletic trait analyses, multiplex germline editing, and cloning, to achieve this feat. Dr. George Church, a geneticist at Harvard and co-founder of Colossal, highlighted the significance of these technologies, stating they enable the de-extinction of lost genes and contribute to preserving and expanding genetic diversity. ​

State-of-the-art facilities ensure animal welfare

The dire wolves are thriving in a secure ecological preserve exceeding 2,000 acres, certified by the American Humane Society and registered with the USDA. Colossal employs a dedicated team of ten full-time animal care staff to support the wolves’ physical and mental well-being. The preserve features specialised engagement zones, diverse habitats, and comprehensive security measures, including 10-foot-tall, zoo-grade fencing with redundant perimeter security. Continuous monitoring is conducted through on-site live cameras, security personnel, and drone tracking. Within the preserve, a six-acre secure area houses an on-site veterinary clinic, a wolf management facility, an outdoor storm shelter, and natural dens for the wolves. ​

Recognition from animal welfare organisations

Robin Ganzert, Ph.D., CEO of the American Humane Society, commended Colossal’s commitment to animal welfare, noting that the company’s certification reflects excellence in care, with spacious habitats and devoted staff ensuring the animals can exhibit natural behaviours. Ganzert remarked, “The technology they are pursuing may be the key to reversing the sixth mass extinction and making extinction events a thing of the past.” ​

Future conservation and cultural Implications

Colossal plans to provide lifetime care for the wolves and assess their readiness for relocation to larger protected facilities. Long-term objectives include restoring the species in expansive ecological preserves, potentially on indigenous lands. Mark Fox, Tribal Chairman of the MHA Nation, emphasised the cultural and spiritual significance of the dire wolf’s return, viewing it as a symbol of ancient wisdom and a reminder of humanity’s responsibility as stewards of the Earth. ​

Background on Dire Wolves

Dire wolves (Aenocyon dirus) roamed the American midcontinent during the Pleistocene ice ages, with the oldest confirmed fossil dating back approximately 250,000 years. Genomic data from Colossal suggest the lineage first appeared during the Late Pliocene, between 3.5 and 2.5 million years ago. These canids were up to 25% larger than grey wolves, possessing slightly wider heads, light thick fur, and stronger jaws. As hyper-carnivores, their diet primarily consisted of meat from horses and bison. Dire wolves became extinct around 13,000 years ago, coinciding with the end of the most recent ice age.
They gained pop culture significance after they were immortalised in ‘A Song of Ice and Fire -Game of Thrones’ books series written by George R R Martin.  

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