Muscat – A new study by researchers at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) has identified hybrid energy systems as the most cost-effective and sustainable option for supplying electricity to Oman’s remote communities, offering a solution to improve energy security while lowering costs and reducing carbon emissions.

Led by Prof Abdullah bin Hamad Al Badi of SQU’s College of Engineering, the research assessed electricity supply options for Al Hallaniyat Islands, Masirah Island and Duqm, concluding that carefully designed combinations of renewable and conventional energy sources can provide reliable and economically viable power for isolated areas.

The study examined the technical, economic and environmental performance of various energy systems using real-world data on electricity demand, wind speeds and solar radiation from the three locations. Researchers used a simulation platform called HOMER Pro to evaluate different combinations of solar power, wind energy and battery storage, alongside diesel generators, natural gas generators and fuel cells.

The study found that a hybrid system combining renewable energy with natural gas delivered the best economic performance in areas with high electricity demand, particularly in Duqm. The system achieved a levelised cost of electricity of US$0.100 per kilowatt-hour, compared with US$0.126 per kilowatt-hour for a renewable energy and diesel configuration, while a renewable system supported by fuel cells was estimated at US$0.610 per kilowatt-hour.

Although fully renewable systems offered greater reductions in carbon emissions, the study concluded that the renewable-natural gas combination currently represents the most cost-effective solution for large-scale electricity supply in remote regions.

For Masirah Island, researchers found that a system powered entirely by renewable energy and green hydrogen is technically feasible but remains commercially expensive, requiring an estimated investment of around US$966mn.

In Al Hallaniyyat Islands, where electricity demand is considerably lower, a standalone renewable energy system combining solar and wind power with battery storage was identified as the most practical and suitable option.

The researchers said the findings demonstrate that no single energy model is appropriate for every location. Instead, electricity systems should be designed according to local conditions, taking into account demand levels, available renewable resources and long-term operating costs.

The study also recommends greater investment in energy storage, smart grid technologies, demand-side management and green hydrogen infrastructure to strengthen energy security, support Oman’s sustainability ambitions and reduce emissions in communities located beyond the national electricity grid.