As global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ramp up, cooling systems have become a key area of focus. The US Department of Energy reports that HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems are responsible for about 44% of energy use in commercial buildings and 50% in residential spaces, contributing significantly to emissions.

Additionally, an article from Annual Reviews, a US-based academic publishing company, highlights that these systems contribute over 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions, especially in regions where fossil fuels are the primary energy source.

Oman, with its hot climate and rising energy needs, faces similar challenges. Innovations in cooling technology offer opportunities to address these issues in line with the nation’s sustainability goals, as outlined in Oman Vision 2040. This national strategy emphasises the importance of developing a green economy, reducing carbon emissions, and diversifying energy sources.

Emerging cooling technologies

Elastocaloric technology is one of the most promising advancements in the field. Researchers from Germany’s Saarland University have developed a system using superelastic nickel-titanium alloys that can create temperature changes of up to 20°C.

This system is over ten times more energy-efficient than traditional air conditioning units, offering a significant reduction in energy consumption. This development is not only environmentally beneficial but also strategically important for reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

Another breakthrough is by Montana Technologies’ AirJoule system, which drastically reduces the energy required for dehumidification by up to 90%. Using a porous metal-organic framework, this technology offers practical applications in sectors where humidity control is critical.

In addition, Harvard University’s Vesma system, which combines vacuum membrane dehumidification and evaporative cooling, provides an eco-friendly, refrigerant-free alternative to standard systems.

Oman’s role in sustainable cooling

According to the International Energy Agency, with global demand for cooling expected to triple by 2050, energy- efficient systems could play a crucial role in reducing emissions and strengthening energy infrastructure in Oman.

As part of Vision 2040, the country aims to adopt innovative technologies that meet its energy requirements while fostering a more sustainable future. Cooling systems that use less energy and are more environmentally friendly align perfectly with these national priorities.

Omani entrepreneurs can capitalise on this shift by developing modular cooling systems tailored to local requirements. These systems, integrated with smart technology, can optimise energy use in both residential and commercial settings. Another opportunity lies in producing advanced dehumidifiers for specialised environments like museums, art galleries, and archives, promoting sustainability while catering to niche markets.

Companies managing large commercial buildings, could explore partnerships with developers of advanced cooling systems. Retrofitting large hotels, offices, and data centers with these technologies would not only cut energy costs but also support Oman’s broader sustainability goals under Vision 2040.

The public sector, too, can play a pivotal role. Projects could be piloted to retrofit public housing with energy-efficient systems, while tracking energy savings and improving resident comfort.

As global temperatures rise and energy demands increase, Oman finds itself at a crucial juncture. By embracing advanced cooling technologies, Oman has the opportunity to significantly lower its emissions, reduce energy use, and position itself as a leader in green development. These steps, in alignment with Vision 2040, will help Oman secure long-term environmental and economic benefits, paving the way for a more sustainable future.

[The writer Syed Adil Abbas, an MBA graduate from Cardiff Metropolitan University (UK), is currently based in Muscat, and has over 20 years of international experience working with the public and private sectors in the Middle East, Far East, Africa and India]