Khasab – Environment Authority (EA) has recorded 37 marine mammal sightings in Musandam in the last two years as part of its Marine Mammal Species Survey Project aimed at improving conservation policy and biodiversity management.

According to the authority, 19 sightings were documented in 2024 along 1,604km of survey routes, while 18 sightings were recorded in 2023 across 1,897km. Species observed included Indian Ocean humpback dolphins, spinner dolphins, long-beaked common dolphins and pantropical spotted dolphins. Some groups comprised up to 100 individuals.

The fifth phase of the survey concluded in April 2025. The initiative is part of the management plan for Musandam National Nature Reserve and seeks to establish a detailed marine mammal distribution map for evidence-based environmental strategies.

‘The survey is conducted as part of the reserve’s management plan,’ EA said in a statement.

Fieldwork involves visual monitoring using binoculars and the naked eye to identify surface disturbances or bird activity, often indicating the presence of marine mammals. Research vessels follow designated routes, with sightings logged using high-resolution cameras and a customised digital application named ‘Spinner’.

Each observation includes species identification, group size, behaviour, time and GPS location. Additional tools include drones, GoPro cameras and acoustic recorders, with data gathered on water depth, wind speed and animal movement.

Oman’s marine ecosystems, including the Sea of Oman and Arabian Sea, offer key habitats for dolphins and whales. These mammals play an essential role in maintaining food chain stability, regulating marine diseases and supporting carbon cycling.

Earlier phases of the survey found Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins concentrated in western areas of the reserve, while spinner dolphins, common dolphins and spotted dolphins were more prevalent in the east, particularly near Ras Shas, Khasab and Khawr Najd.

Alongside fieldwork, the authority has conducted awareness campaigns and workshops targeting fishermen and students to enhance local engagement in marine conservation.