Muscat – Oman observed the International Day of the Arabian Leopard on Monday (February 10), with an emphasis on raising awareness about the critically endangered species and efforts to ensure its survival.

The Environment Authority (EA) highlighted the importance of preserving the Arabian leopard, classified as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Conservation initiatives also serve to safeguard biodiversity and maintain ecological balance in the region.

Dr Mohammed Ali al Maashani from EA said noteworthy progress has been made in Dhofar governorate in the Arabian Leopard Project. “Encouraging results include the monitoring of new births in the wild, a clear indication that preservation strategies are working,” he said. These developments provide hope for the leopard’s continued existence in Oman’s natural habitats.

The Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr) is one of the smallest and rarest leopard species, facing threats from habitat loss, dwindling prey populations, and illegal trafficking. The species has already become extinct in parts of its historical range, including Palestine, Jordan, the UAE, northern Oman, and the large areas of Yemen and Saudi Arabia. 

Current estimates suggest fewer than 120 Arabian leopards remain in the wild, with populations concentrated in Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia. Oman and Yemen are home to approximately 50 individuals each, while around 20 are believed to live in Saudi Arabia.

Oman continues to play a critical role in the survival of the species. Conservation efforts include tracking the leopards’ behaviour, gathering biological data, and enforcing strict anti-poaching laws. 

Nature reserves and advanced monitoring techniques, such as trap cameras, have been instrumental in confirming the presence of leopards in the wild.

Maashani emphasised the importance of community involvement in conservation. 

“Educational initiatives are key to fostering coexistence between local communities and this endangered species,” he said, adding that cooperation with residents helps to address threats such as unsustainable hunting and habitat encroachment.